Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Angiotensin II Is a New Component Involved in Splenic T Lymphocyte Responses during Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062999

Figure Lengend Snippet: C57BL/6 mice were infected with P. berghei ANKA and treated with vehicle, losartan or captopril by gavage. T cells were isolated at day 6 post infection, stained with fluorescent antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Representative dot plots of CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells obtained from gated CD4 + CD3 + cells (A) and IL-10 + Foxp3 + T cells obtained from gated CD4 + CD25 + T cells (D). The percentage (B) and absolute number of CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells (C) and the percentage of IL-10 + CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + T cells (E). The results are expressed as means±SD. Statistically significant compared with values for *naive mice ( p <0.05) and #vehicle-treated mice infected with P. berghei ANKA ( p <0.05).

Article Snippet: Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-, phycoerythrin (PE)- and PE-Cy5.5-conjugated hamster IgG1 anti-murine CD3 (145-2C11), PE- and PerCP-conjugated rat IgG2a anti-murine CD4 (RM4-5), PE-conjugated rat IgG2a anti-murine CD8a (53–6.7), FITC-conjugated rat IgG2a anti-murine CD45R/B220 (RA3-6B2), PE-Cy5-conjugated rat IgG2b anti-murine CD44 (IM7), FITC-conjugated rat IgG2a anti-murine CD62L (MEL-14), PE-conjugated rat IgG1 anti-murine IFN-γ (XMG1.2), PE-conjugated rat IgG1 anti-murine IL-17 (TC11-18H10), PE-conjugated rat IgG2b anti-murine IL-10 (JES5-16E3), PE-conjugated rat IgG2b anti-murine IL-4 (BVD4-1D11), biotin-conjugated rat IgG2a anti-murine CD11a (MD17/4), PE-conjugated streptavidin, PerCP/PE/FITC-conjugated hamster IgG1 and IgG2, and goat IgG2a isotype controls were all purchased from BD Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Isolation, Staining, Flow Cytometry

Journal:

Article Title: Taxane-mediated gene induction is independent of microtubule stabilization: Induction of transcription regulators and enzymes that modulate inflammation and apoptosis

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative analysis of TNFα formation and caspase-3 activity as a function of time in RAW 264.7 cells incubated with taxol (▪) or taxotere (•). In the media from cells incubated with taxol, TNFα levels increased by 4 hr and remained constant between 4 and 24 hr, consistent with the temporal profile of mRNA expression in Fig. ​Fig.22A. TNFα was undetectable from 0 to 24 hr in media from cells incubated with taxotere, consistent with data in Fig. ​Fig.22A. From 24 to 48 hr, TNFα levels in the media increased, modestly, for cells incubated with taxol and taxotere (A). IL-10 inhibited the formation of TNFα by cells incubated with taxol (B). Caspase-3 activity increased as a function of time in RAW 264.7 cells incubated with taxol (▪) or taxotere (•) compared with vehicle control (▴) (C). Increased caspase-3 activity at 24–36 hr reflects the initiation of apoptosis in cells incubated with either taxol or taxotere. Caspase-3 activity continued to increase between 36 and 48 hr only in cells incubated with taxol, reflecting incrementally increased apoptosis compared with cells incubated with taxotere (C). IL-10, which inhibited TNFα formation, also inhibited casapase-3 activity in cells treated with taxol. Caspase-3 activity in cells treated with taxol plus IL-10 was indistinguishable from the caspase-3 activity in cells treated with taxotere (D).

Article Snippet: In certain experiments we quantified caspase activity in cells incubated for 48 hr with combinations of: ( i ) 10 ng/ml murine recombinant interleukin IL-10 (R & D Systems) plus 10 μM taxol, ( ii ) 2.5 ng/ml murine recombinant TNFα (R & D Systems) plus 10 μM taxotere, or ( iii ) 20 μl TNFα neutralizing polyclonal antibody (Genzyme) plus 10 μM taxol.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Incubation, Expressing

Journal: Infection and Immunity

Article Title: Comparison of Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses to Candida glabrata and Candida albicans in Systemically Infected Immunocompetent Mice

doi: 10.1128/iai.69.8.5046-5055.2001

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIG. 4. Temporal expression of TNF-a, IL-12, IFN-g, and IL-10 proteins in kidneys during C. glabrata and C. albicans infection. Crl:CF-1 mice were infected with virulent C. glabrata or C. albicans as described for Fig. 3. At specific time points p.i., the mice were euthanized, and kidneys were excised and homogenized. Levels of the immunoreactive cytokines TNF-a (a), IL-12 p70 (b), IFN-g (c), and IL-10 (d) were quantified in kidney homogenates. Results represent the mean 6 SEM of two separate experiments, 8 to 14 mice per treatment group. p, significantly greater than control mice, P , 0.05.

Article Snippet: Protein levels of TNF-a, IL-12, IL-10, and IFN-g were subsequently measured using commercially available cytokinespecific murine ELISA kits (Quantikine mouse TNF-a, mouse IL-12 p70, mouse IFN-g, and mouse IL-10; R&D systems, Minneapolis, Minn.) according to the manufacturer’s directions.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Control